扭转载荷下带环状裂纹圆棒的J积分的评价

研究了扭转载荷下带环状裂纹圆棒试样的J积分的评价.首先得到了一系列带有不同深度环状切口的中碳钢圆棒试样的扭矩-扭转角关系,然后分别利用单试样的简单评价法和多试样的能量法计算J积分值.结果发现,当圆棒试样的切口深度足够深(即裂纹长度足够长)或扭转角足够小时,两种方法计算的J积分值相当一致.     

标准使世界更安全

我们都希望生活在一个更安全、更安定的世界里。然而,地震、飓风、洪水、交通事故、传染病和工业事故,除了给人类带来物质损失以外,每年还导致成千上万的人员伤亡。为了应对这些威胁,国际标准提供了广为认可的解决方案。国际标准在防止和减少人员伤亡以及物质损失方面所起到的重要作用日益突出,标准在这方面的应用也更加广泛。今年世界标准日的主题是"标准使世界更安全"。由国际电工委员会(IEC)、国际标准化组织(ISO)和国际电信联盟(ITU)这三大国际标准化组织所制定的国际标准构成了一个非常有价值的安全网络。IEC、ISO和ITU所涵盖…     

扭转／拉伸复合载荷下的弹塑性疲劳裂纹扩展行为

研究了从中碳钢圆棒试样的环状预裂纹开始的疲劳裂纹扩展行为,分析了扭转/拉伸复合加载时不同载荷比对弹塑性疲劳裂纹扩展的影响。在高应力水平下,裂纹断口为宏观平坦。无论是简单加载还是复合加载,裂纹扩展速率都可用J积分的指数方程表达。对于同样的J积分范围值,Ⅰ型载荷下的裂纹扩展速率最高,而Ⅲ型载荷下的速率最低。在复合加载条件下的疲劳断口上观察到疲劳条痕同Ⅰ型加载条件下的相同,其间距与裂纹扩展速率相等。     

Attempt to study Marangoni flow of low-Pr-number fluids using a liquid bridge of silver

In order to experimentally investigate the Marangoni flow of low-Prandtl-number fluids in a liquid bridge geometry under the condition of small Marangoni numbers close to the critical Marangoni numbers Ma_c1 and Ma_c2, the formation of a liquid bridge of silver was attempted. The available temperature difference between the upper and lower rods to obtain a small Marangoni number, such as Ma = 50, was calculated for a 5 mm high liquid bridge for several molten metals. For molten silver, the possible temperature difference was estimated to be 16 K, whereas, for molten silicon, this was 0.38 K, which is unrealistic for the purposes of experiments. For silver, a free surface can be obtained in the wide range of oxygen partial pressures, whereas, for molten silicon, the available oxygen partial pressure range is very small; equilibrium oxygen partial pressure for SiO₂ formation is as low as 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ Pa. A liquid bridge of molten silver was successfully prepared and temperature oscillation was observed; the estimated Marangoni number was 160 and oscillation frequency was 0.26 Hz.